Journal: iMeta

Article Title: Linking dietary fiber to human malady through cumulative profiling of microbiota disturbance

doi: 10.1002/imt2.70004

Figure Lengend Snippet: Preventive and therapeutic effects of arabinoxylan on murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. (A) Experimental design for studying the effects of arabinoxylan in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Female BALB/c mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to induce colitis and administered arabinoxylan orally at either low (0.2 g/kg) or high (0.4 g/kg) doses. Mice were divided into three types with nine groups. Healthy control group: Group 1 (control, C) received normal water, while Group 2 (high dose arabinoxylan, H) and Group 3 (low dose arabinoxylan, L) were given arabinoxylan at high and low doses until day 18. Groups 4 to 6 (late‐induced group) received arabinoxylan until day 18 and induced DSS from days 8 to 18. Groups 7 to 9 (early‐induced group) received arabinoxylan until day 18 and induced DSS from days 1 to 11. (B) Comparison of mice physiological index between control and late‐induced (upper) and early‐induced groups (lower). Body weight, colon length, and bleeding score were measured on different days. Red, green, and blue dots with error bars represented body weight measurements on days 0, 11, and 18. Bar heights with error bars showed colon lengths and bleeding scores for various groups. Capital letters represented the differences of the same group under different days, while lowercase letters represented the differences between different groups on the same day. The numbers in parentheses denoted the day of measurement. (C) The relative abundance of microbes at the phylum level between control and late‐induced (upper) and early‐induced groups (lower) on day 18. The X ‐axis represented different mouse groups, while the Y ‐axis showed the relative abundance of disturbed microbes due to arabinoxylan intervention. Different microbial abundances were color‐coded with error bar (as shown in legend). (D) Cytokines secretion comparison between control and late‐induced (upper) and early‐induced groups (lower). The X ‐axis represented different mouse groups, while the Y ‐axis showed interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) levels. Bar heights and error bars indicated the secretion amount of these cytokines in various groups. (E) Gene expression changes of five inflammatory cytokines in colon tissue from late‐induced (upper) and early‐induced groups (lower). The X ‐axis represented different mouse groups (healthy control, late‐induced, and early‐induced groups), and the Y ‐axis showed relative mRNA expression levels. Bars with different colors represented specific inflammatory cytokines, as shown in legend. Letter “a,” “b,” and “c” and others above the bars denoted statistical significance between groups, with identical letters indicating no significant difference and different letters indicating significant differences. The numbers in parentheses denoted the day of measurement. COX‐2, cyclooxygenase‐2; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; IL‐1β, interleukin‐1 beta.

Article Snippet: Cytokine levels, including cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin 10 (IL‐10), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6), in the colon tissue were measured using Mouse Enzyme Immunoassay kits from Wuhan Boster Technology, China.

Techniques: Control, Comparison, Gene Expression, Expressing